Summary Of Molly Ayer - 1010 Words

Summary In 20111, Molly Ayer is a 17, almost 18, year old troubled foster child living in Maine who is soon going to become too old for the foster system. After stealing a book from the library, the only way she can avoid getting kicked out of her foster home and being sent to a juvenile hall is helping an old woman named Vivian Daly clean out her attic as a community service project. Molly soon learns how closely related her and Vivian’s lives are related. Vivian and her family came from Ireland to New York in 1926 in hopes for a better future, but after a fire kills Vivian’s family she is put on an Orphan Train to Minnesota in order to find a new family. The train has 19 other children hoping for brighter futures, including a boy named Dutchy who Vivian strikes up a friendship with. Vivian is soon adopted by the Byrnes who call her Dorothy. Once the Great Depression struck though, Dorothy was moved to the Grote family, who lived in worse conditions than she has all he r life. Although the conditions are grim, Dorothy is sent to school every day. After Mr. Grote attempts to rape Dorothy she goes to live with her teacher Ms. Larsen before being relocated to yet another new foster home. Dorothy soon finds the Nielson family which was a seemingly perfect fit for Dorothy. The only request the Nielson family had was to call Dorothy Vivian after their departed daughter. Vivian lives happily with the Nielsons and grows up to once again find Dutchy. Vivian and Dutchy are soonShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesDecentralized Work Sites 8 Skill Levels 8 A Legal Concern 8 Employee Involvement 20 How Organizations Involve Employees 20 Employee Involvement Implications for HRM 20 Other HRM Challenges 21 Recession 21 Off Shoring 21 Mergers 22 A Look at Ethics 22 Summary 23 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 24 Key Terms 24 HRM Workshop 25 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 25 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 25 Case 1: Work/Life Balance at Baxter 25 Working with a Team:

Marx s Theory Of Alienation - 1298 Words

The founder of Marxism, is a German philosopher named Karl Marx (1818-1883) who believed that society is proportioned into two: The capitalists, and the workers. The capitalists are the dominant class, they are the elite members of society that come from wealth. The workers are the middle class, they work to survive in society. Although the capitalists are from wealth, the majority of the population is middle class. Because the capitalists have wealth and significant control over the middle class, there is inequality of power in society. Marx had observed that middle class workers must work in order for them to survive, Marx had developed the concept of Alienation, where workers would become distant from themselves, as they felt powerless, and gaining no satisfaction from their labour as the wealthy and powerful controls them. Marx had linked poor economy to social institutions. Society needs to cooperate together in order to function properly. Institutions that have to work together in order to get along in society, for example education, family, the government, and the legal system all contribute to play their part in society, this can be seen as stability for functionalism as functionalist believe that everybody in society is making a contribution, whether being a banker or a baker, everyone is needed in society to work together to function properly. The distinction between Marxism and Functionalism is that functionalist portray their theory as the Living Body Show MoreRelatedMarx s Theory Of Alienation Essay2104 Words   |  9 Pagesabout the background of of Marx s alienation theory, then briefly introduce the dimensions of alienation. The diagreement of Marx’s key theory from Weber’s concept and the agreement of Marx’s concept by discuss Marx’s theory of alienation apply in Chinese sociological development and influence o n building a harmonious society.In the 19th century philosopher Hegel introduced alienation as a philosophical concept . From a philosophical point to define the so-called alienation means that under certainRead MoreThe Marx s Theory Of Alienation1898 Words   |  8 PagesKarl Marx is undeniably one of the most influential philosophical thinkers that emerged in the 19th century. His ideas were ignored during his time, however they’ve gained wide recognition in the years after his death and are still widely called upon today during many philosophical, social, and economic debates. Amongst his famous theories is his ideas on the morality of Capitalism as well as Socialism. However, a theory of his that reigns supreme in many different aspects of modern day society asRead MoreUnderstanding Marx s Alienation Theory1217 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand Marx’s alienation theory, one must understand that this concept is broken down into several smaller parts that then create one outcome. Within a capitalistic community, two different societies are created in a state; these two societies are property owners and laborers. Capitalistic systems will eventually being to create alienated labor when it separates a worker from their owner’s personal reality. This might not be intentional, but it will happen regardless. Unfortunately alienation within aRead MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Alienation Essay1686 Words   |  7 PagesSociologist Karl Marx concentrated deeply on economic problems and related these matters to social issues. For example, when Marx examined capitalism in the labour sector he came to the conclusion that it drove workers to feel alienated from the product, themselves and those surrounding them. This essay will firstly give a brief overview of industrial capitalism and discuss Karl Marx’s early life and how he came up with the theory of alienation through his influences and life experiences. SecondlyRead MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Alienation Essay1553 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx’s theory of alienation states the consequences of living within a capitalist society that is made up of stratified social classes. The working class is alienated because they are deprived of the right to think or direct their own actions without the oppression of the economic entity controlled by the Bourgeoisie. Emile Durkheim’s theory of anomie was developed during a great capitalist growth, the industrialization revolution. The mass population could not keep up with the constant changeRead MoreMarx And Engels s Theory Of Human Alienation Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagesand Engels believed that the system at work of labor in society created a general alienation of people from consciousness of their â€Å"species being†; consciousness of being human. Within this theory of human alienation, Marx and Engels provide three components from which people are generally estranged from: the objects of labor, from n ature, and from the labor itself. Plato, in contrast, believed that human alienation lived on the basis of specialization, efficiency, and lack of education. That peopleRead MoreThe Theoretical Relevance Of Marx s Theory Of Alienation859 Words   |  4 Pagestheoretical relevance of Marx’s theory of alienation has been the subject of much contention since the posthumous publication of his Economic and Philosophical manuscripts in (). While the notion of alienation, along with its distinctly Hegelian underpinnings, has frequently been dismissed as a youthful error in comparison with Marx’s supposedly more ‘mature’ work, I argue that it is fundamental to his critique of capitalism. As Sayers (p.xi) notes, â€Å"After his early period, Marx did not often use the termRead MoreKarl Marx And Durkheim s Theory Of Labor Alienation1419 Words   |  6 Pageslabor. Both Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim, under this context of burgeoning market economy, sought to unders tand modern society and the underlying relations that lead to their formation and progress. In this essay, I will argue that while both Marx and Durkheim acknowledge the role of economic growth as a main driver of human society in their theories, they differ on the type of social relations that developed in tandem, relations that formed the basis of the division of labor. Marx (1978, p. 212) viewsRead MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Human Exploitation And Alienation Under Capitalism Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pagestheir own name. That being said, some, such as Karl Marx, find the capitalist system dehumanizing and see a dire need for its abolition. In this paper, I will present an argument against Karl Marx’s theory of human exploitation and alienation under capitalism. I will begin by discussing Marx’s basic beliefs on human nature. I will then use this foundation to present Marx’s argument against capitalism and how he believes it leads to human alienation. Las tly, I will refute Marx’s argument against capitalismRead MoreThe Between Class And Alienation1655 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the links between Class and Alienation According to Marx? According to Marx the types of alienation are an inevitable outcome of a class structured society, which is why he foresaw communism as the solution to prevent alienation and its negative effects. A communist society could potentially resolve structural economic related alienation between humans by removing class conflict. However it does not account for alienation as a result of other forms of stratification such as gender and ethnicity

Bribery International Monetary Fund Free Essays

The end of twentieth century and the beginning of new millenium have seen the emergence of bribery from a predominantly political, national or regional concern to an issue receiving global attention. In 1996, the leadership of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) publicly denounced bribery and corruption as an obstacle to economic growth and development. Both institutions vowed to focus on the role of governance in growth and development and to give greater priority to combating bribery in their own programs. We will write a custom essay sample on Bribery International Monetary Fund or any similar topic only for you Order Now That same year, the Organization of American States (OAS) approved the Inter-American Convention against Corruption while the United Nations General Assembly called on member states to â€Å"take effective and concrete action to com ¬bat all forms of corruption, bribery and related illicit practices in international commercial transactions† (Elliot, 2). Elliot defines bribery as â€Å"practice by which an individual who can take decision or action on behalf of others by virtue of his authority or position is influenced by paying or offering monetary benefits for influencing him to take an action or decision which he would not have done otherwise† (Elliot, 4). As a result of the resurgence of interest in bribery as a major global issue, there has emerged a considerable research effort devoted towards detemiining the causes, costs, and consequences of bribery. From the macroeconomic perspective the literature for the most part has focused on the impact of bribery on investment, growth and development, in its analysis of the consequences of bribery. For example, Shleifer and Vishny argue that bribery impedes development and lowers economic growth by discouraging productive investment while Mauro provides tentative empirical evidence for this negative impact of bribery on investment and growth (Shleifer and Vishny, 601, Mauro, 683). There is considerable evidence to indicate that bribery and corruption are common in foreign trade. The payment of bribes by firms and the receipt of bribes by public officials in the procurement and award of export contracts is a standard business practice in foreign trade. As a high-ranking corporate official has noted, â€Å"All of us involved in international business are aware that certain payments to government officials are quite common and an accepted method of doing business in many parts of the world† (Basche, 2). The US Department of Commerce, National Export Strategy Report (1996), states that since mid-1994, â€Å"we have learned of significant allegations of bribery by foreign firms in 139 international commercial contracts valued at $64 billion†¦Bribery continues to be pivotal in many export competitions, with the bribing companies still winning an estimated 80 percent of the contract decisions† (Tanzi, 363). From practical perspective, bribery manifests in a variety of forms. The bribe need not always be a monetary payment. There are more subtle forms of bribery such as â€Å"entertain ¬ment expenses†, gifts in kind or gifts of services. The bribe to influence a favorable decision could be the provision of a â€Å"rent-free villa on the French Riviera or an expense-free weekend in Las Vegas† (Jacoby et al, 28). It could be a gift of a house or property or it could be the financing of a relative’s education in the university. In addition to such payments, contacts and networks estab ¬lished though ethnic or language links or past dealings may also play a part in influencing the decision to award export contracts. Moreover, the bribe paid in order to obtain an export contract is sometimes regarded as a fixed cost of doing business overseas. Corruption on the federal level is a pervasive and universal phenomenon. It is a rare industry that has not been tainted by a corruption scandal involving the payment or receipt of bribes in the procurement or award of trade contracts. Incidence of bribery has spanned a number of industries, ranging from the aircraft, pharmaceutical, machinery and equipment, and chemicals industries to electronics. For instance, a byproduct of the Watergate investigation of the 1970s was the discovery by the Special Prosecutor that US companies were involved in making illegal contributions of corporate funds to domestic political campaigns. This led the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) to investigate these corporations to determine if there had been a violation of federal se ¬curities laws. The SEC investigation revealed a number of corrupt practices including the payment of bribes to foreign officials in order to secure business abroad. Over 400 US compa ¬nies, including 117 of the Fortune 500 companies, were disclosed to have made questionable or illicit foreign payments in excess of $300 million (Sheffet, 290). One of the more prominent investiga ¬tions centered around Lockheed Aircraft. The SEC found that Lockheed had paid millions of dollars in bribes to high-ranking foreign officials in order to secure aircraft export contracts. Other firms involved in the disclosure of questionable payments associated with export sales were Johnson Johnson, Colgate-Palmolive Co. , Pfizer Inc. , American Home Products, and others. It was such disclosures that prompted the US Congress to enact the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA) which outlaws the bribery of foreign government officials by US firms in order to obtain or maintain business abroad. On a state level corrupt state government is more likely to be involved in transactions that are more personally lucrative rather than those that are more profitable for the state (Shleifer and Vishny, 614-615). In other words, corrupt state officials tend to spend the state budget on sectors which have more bribery and bring more personal gain to them than sectors which have less bribery and less beneficial to them (Shleifer and Vishny, 615). As a result, state can even change â€Å"an investment away from the highest value projects, such as health and education, into potentially useless projects, such as unnecessary infrastructure† (Shleifer and Vishny, 616). Shleifer and Vishny point out that this tendency of corrupt state government suggests that many corrupt bodies of power spend more on defense and security than on public services and interests such as education since the former allows larger opportunities of bribery. Thus, according to these researchers analysis, corruption shifts an investment from public services to construction contracts; as a result, corruption reduces spending on education, healthcare and other social projects. WORKS CITED Basche, James R. Jr. , Unusual Foreign Payments: A Survey of the Policies and Practices of U. S. Companies, New York, 1976 Elliot, Kimberly Ann, (ed. ) Corruption and the Global Economy, Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1997 Mauro, Paolo, â€Å"Corruption and Growth,† Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 110, No. 3, p. 681-711, August 1995. Sheffet, Mary Jane, â€Å"The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988: Did They Change Corporate Behavior? † Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, Vol. 14. No. 2, p. 290-300, Fall 1995 Shleifer, Andrei, and Robert W. Vishny. â€Å"Corruption. † The Quarterly Journal of Economics 198(3): 599-617, 1993 Tanzi, Vito, â€Å"Corruption around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope and Cures,† IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 45. No. 4, p. 559-94, D How to cite Bribery International Monetary Fund, Papers